Neck abscesses

A neck abscess is a localised collection of pus in neck tissue. In deep neck spaces, the infection can endanger nearby structures and the airway. Prompt medical assessment is important.

Symptoms and warning signs

Possible symptoms include painful neck swelling, fever, sore throat, pain on swallowing and difficulty opening the mouth. Symptoms vary with the location and extent of the infection.

Emergency: If breathing becomes difficult or noisy, call 112 immediately. Seek emergency care without delay if swallowing rapidly worsens or saliva can no longer be swallowed; do not wait for a routine appointment.

Assessment

Assessment begins with the airway and general condition, followed by examination of the neck, mouth and throat. If a deep neck abscess is suspected, contrast-enhanced CT can show its location, extent and relationship to blood vessels and the airway. Investigations are selected according to individual findings.

Treatment

Treatment includes antibiotics, often initially given intravenously for deep neck infections. A collection of pus may also require surgical opening and drainage. The approach depends on location, extent and clinical course. If breathing is threatened, securing the airway takes priority; hospital treatment may be needed.

Risks and clinical course

Deep neck infections can narrow the airway and spread to nearby blood vessels. These potentially serious complications make early treatment and follow-up important. Further care is determined by individual findings; a particular treatment outcome cannot be guaranteed.