Hypopharyngeal cancer

Diagnosis

The hypopharynx is the lower part of the throat behind and beside the larynx. Tumours in this area often cause few symptoms at first. Possible signs include persistent difficulty swallowing, a foreign-body sensation, pain radiating to the ear, hoarseness or a palpable swelling in the neck. Such symptoms should be assessed by a doctor if they persist.

Assessment includes endoscopic examination of the throat and larynx, ultrasound of the neck, cross-sectional imaging such as CT or MRI and a tissue sample, usually under anaesthesia. Only the histological examination confirms the diagnosis.

Causes

Important risk factors are tobacco use and regular alcohol consumption, especially in combination.

Treatment options

Depending on size and spread, options include surgical removal, often with removal of the neck lymph nodes (neck dissection), radiotherapy or combined chemoradiotherapy. Besides tumour control, the aim is to preserve swallowing, speech and breathing as well as possible. Treatment is planned individually and agreed in an interdisciplinary tumour board, followed by regular follow-up.