In a tracheotomy, an opening is made in the windpipe below the larynx, through which a tracheostomy tube secures breathing. The procedure can be temporary or permanent.
When is a tracheotomy needed?
Typical reasons are narrowing of the upper airway, for example due to tumours, swelling or bilateral vocal fold paralysis, securing the airway during major head and neck surgery, and prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Procedure and aftercare
The procedure is usually performed under general anaesthesia. Afterwards, tube care, suctioning and tube changes are practised together with patients and relatives. Special speaking valves can make speech possible; once the tracheotomy is no longer needed, the opening can usually be closed again.
